Posts in Real-World Outcomes
Surviving metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC): The lived experience and supportive care needs of patients (pts) receiving immunotherapy (IT) or targeted therapy (TT)

Background: IT and TT have improved survival for many pts with mNSCLC. However, the lived experience of these pts is under-studied. We conducted a single centre, qualitative study to understand concerns and supportive care needs of this novel survivor population... Conclusions: Longer term survivors of mNSCLC report significant physical, psychological and functional concerns and unmet needs. Self-management strategies for chronic toxicities, professional psychological services to manage FCP and scan-related anxiety, and tailored information regarding work and financial planning may mitigate these concerns. Future work should examine these issues in a larger population. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e24185

Authors: Julia Elizabeth Lai-Kwon, Sarah Heynemann, Jacinthe Flore, Mary Duffy, Renata Kokanovic, Michael Jefford

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Trends in ALK inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Rearrangements in the gene encoding anaplastic lymphocyte kinase (ALK) are found in 3%–5% of patients. Treatment options have significantly expanded with ALK inhibitor drug approvals including crizotinib in 2011, ceritinib in 2014, alectinib in 2015, brigatinib in 2017 and lorlatinib in 2018. We sought to better understand the real-world treatment utilization and cost of ALK inhibitors in lung cancer (LCA) over the most recent period for which adjudicated claims are available, October 2017-September 2018... Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrate alectinib is the preferred first-line ALK inhibitor in the last twelve months of available data. Furthermore, the increased ER and in-patient costs may substantiate the findings of the ALEX trial, notably higher liver toxicity and more nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for crizotinib. There is not yet sufficient data on the newer ALK inhibitors, brigatinib and lorlatinib in the real-world. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e14046

Authors: Denise Meade, Marie Ng, S Alford

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3rd-line anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors (ALKi) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC): Real-world comparison to non-ALKi therapy

Background: ALKi represent the standard 1st- and 2nd -line treatment (Tx) for ALK+ aNSCLC patients (pts). The value of ALKi in the 3rd-line setting is unclear. We retrospectively assessed the real-world impact of a 3rd -line ALKi vs. non-ALKi Tx in ALK+ aNSCLC pts... Conclusions: Following progression on a 2ndALKi, OS and TNT were numerically higher for pts receiving a 3rd ALKi, but statistically NS. Extensive exposure of pts in the non-ALKi Tx Gr to an ALKi at a later stage might have impacted these results. Further studies are required to identify patients likely to benefit from ALKi after progressing on 2 or more ALKi Tx lines. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e21685

Authors: Natalie Maimon, Elizabeth Dudnik, Yakir Rottenberg, Noa Popovits-Hadari, Noam Asna, Mira Wollner, Alona Zer, Maya Gottfried, Moshe Mishaeli, Yulia Rovitsky-Gelis, Anastasiya Lobachov, Amir Onn, Damien Urban, Mor Tal Moskovitz, Jair Bar, Israel Lung Cancer Group

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Brigatinib in Japanese ALK positive NSCLC patients previously treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: J-ALTA

Background: Brigatinib is an ALK inhibitor with demonstrated activity against ALK resistance mutations. To evaluate efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 study was conducted. We report the efficacy and safety of brigatinib in patients who have progressed on alectinib with or without prior crizotinib and of those who previously received up to two ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without prior chemotherapy... Conclusions: Brigatinib showed clinically meaningful efficacy in Japanese patients refractory to prior alectinib (first line or post crizotinib), regardless of prior chemotherapy. The safety profile of brigatinib was consistent with prior studies and no new safety findings were identified. Clinical trial information: NCT03410108 READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9537

Authors: Tatsuya Yoshida, Makoto Nishio, Toru Kumagai, Toyoaki Hida, Ryo Toyozawa, Tadasuke Shimokawaji, Koichi Goto, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yuichiro Ohe, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Kentarou Kudou, Takayuki Asato, Pingkuan Zhang, Takashi Seto

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Conclusions: These real-life results confirmed lorlatinib as a major treatment option for patients with advanced refractory ALK or ROS1+ NSCLC

Background: Efficacy of ALK TKIs in patients (pts) with ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies. We evaluated the impact of EML4-ALK fusion variants and other baseline (BL) molecular and clinical variables on clinical efficacy of brigatinib (BRG) vs crizotinib (CRZ) as first ALK TKI therapy in pts with ALK+ NSCLC in the phase 3 ALTA-1L (NCT02737501) trial... Conclusions: EML4-ALK fusion variant 3 and TP53 mutation were identified as poor prognosis biomarkers in ALK+ NSCLC. BRG demonstrated better efficacy than CRZ as first-line therapy in pts regardless of EML4-ALK fusion variant and TP53 mutation status. These findings may help define areas of greatest unmet need. Clinical trial information: NCT02737501 READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9517

Authors: D. Ross Camidge, Huifeng Niu, Hye Ryun Kim, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jacky Yu-Chung Li, Maximilian Hochmair, Angelo Delmonte, Alexander I. Spira, Rosario Garcia Campelo, Fabrice Barlesi, Geoffrey Liu, Marcello Tiseo, Cong Li, Miguel Williams, Hyunjin Shin, Pingkuan Zhang, Sanjay Popat

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Association of Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Expression with Fusion Variants and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase‐Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma Receiving Crizotinib

Background. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with clinical outcomes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, whether PD-L1 expression plays a role in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- positive lung ADC is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PD-L1 in patients with ALK-positive lung ADC receiv- ing crizotinib.
Materials and Methods. PD-L1 expression was identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used for ALK variant detection, and immunofluorescence-based multiplex staining was applied for exploring immune cells in tumor microenvironments.
Results. A total of 78 patients with ALK-positive advanced ADC were enrolled in our study, of whom 52 received crizotinib. Compared with EGFR/ALK wild-type tumors, PD-L1 expression was lower in ALK-positive ADC. ALK fusion variants
were identified in 32 patients, and those with ..... READ ARTICLE

The Oncologist DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0088

Authors: CHING-YAO YANG, WEI-YU LIAO, CHAO-CHI HO, KUAN-YU CHEN, TZU-HSIU TSAI, CHIA-LIN HSU, YI-NAN LIU, KANG-YI SU, YIH-LEONG CHANG, CHEN-TU WU, BIN-CHI LIAO, CHIA-CHI HSU, WEI-HSUN HSU, JIH-HSIANG LEE, CHIA-CHI LIN, JIN-YUAN SHIH, JAMES CHIH-HSIN YANG, CHONG-JEN YU

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Impact of ALK Rearrangement on Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Risk in NSCLC

In time-to-event analyses controlling for thrombosis risk factors, the ALK rearrangement conferred a fourfold increase in VTE risk and a threefold increase in arterial thrombosis risk in NSCLC. These patients may benefit from pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Thoracic Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.04.033

Authors: Hanny Al-Samkari, Orly Leiva, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Alice Shaw, Jochen Lennerz, Anthony J Iafrate, Pavan K Bendapudi, Jean M Connors

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Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study

Mature PFS data from ALEX confirmed significant improvement in PFS for alectinib over crizotinib in ALK-positive NSCLC. OS data remain immature, with a higher 5-year OS rate with alectinib versus crizotinib. This is the first global randomized study to show clinically meaningful improvement in OS for a next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor versus crizotinib in treatment-naive ALK-positive NSCLC. * Investigator-assessed PFS data in the ALEX study are now mature (53% of events in the alectinib arm). * Alectinib significantly prolonged PFS vs crizotinib (stratified HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32–0.58; median 34.8 vs 10.9 months). * OS data are immature (37% of events); median NR alectinib vs 57.4 months crizotinib (stratified HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98). * 5-year OS rate of 62.5% with alectinib and 45.5% with crizotinib. * Median treatment duration was longer with alectinib (28.1 vs 10.8 months crizotinib), with no new safety signals seen. READ ARTICLE

Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.478

Authors: T. Mok, D. R. Camidge, S. M. Gadgeel, R. Rosell, R. Dziadziuszko, D.-W. Kim, M. Pérol, S.-H. I. Ou, J. S. Ahn, A. T. Shaw, W. Bordogna, V. Smoljanovi, M. Hilton, T. Ruf, J. Noé, S. Peters

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Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study

Mature PFS data from ALEX confirmed significant improvement in PFS for alectinib over crizotinib in ALK-positive NSCLC. OS data remain immature, with a higher 5-year OS rate with alectinib versus crizotinib. This is the first global randomized study to show clinically meaningful improvement in OS for a next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor versus crizotinib in treatment-naive ALK-positive NSCLC. * Investigator-assessed PFS data in the ALEX study are now mature (53% of events in the alectinib arm). * Alectinib significantly prolonged PFS vs crizotinib (stratified HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32–0.58; median 34.8 vs 10.9 months). * OS data are immature (37% of events); median NR alectinib vs 57.4 months crizotinib (stratified HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98). * 5-year OS rate of 62.5% with alectinib and 45.5% with crizotinib. * Median treatment duration was longer with alectinib (28.1 vs 10.8 months crizotinib), with no new safety signals seen. READ ARTICLE

Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.478

Authors: T. Mok, D. R. Camidge, S. M. Gadgeel, R. Rosell, R. Dziadziuszko, D.-W. Kim, M. Pérol, S.-H. I. Ou, J. S. Ahn, A. T. Shaw, W. Bordogna, V. Smoljanovi, M. Hilton, T. Ruf, J. Noé, S. Peters

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Efficacy and safety of ceritinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

What is known and objective: Ceritinib is a new, oral, potent and selective second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States in April 2014. It is active in crizotinib-resistant patients, especially in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects and side effects of ceritinib in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. What is new and conclusion: Ceritinib is effective in the treatment of patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC with crizotinib resistance. The DCR was up to 76%, and PFS was extended to 7.6 months. The AEs were acceptable. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics DOI:10.1111/jcpt.13157

Authors: Tian, W, Zhang, P, Yuan, Y, Deng, X-H, Yue, R, Ge, X-Z.

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Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEY POINTS:
 Non–small cell lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) chromosomal rearrangement is
sensitive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
 Numerous TKIs have been developed in recent years, including alectinib, which is the current
preferred first-line agent for treatment-naı¨ve patients.
 The development of resistance has led to next-generation ALK inhibitors that better penetrate the
central nervous system, which has improved the treatment of brain metastasis. READ ARTICLE

Thoracic Surgery Clinics DOI:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2019.12.001

Authors: Anthony V. Serritella, Christine M. Bestvina

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Economic burden in patients with ALK + non-small cell lung cancer, with or without brain metastases, receiving second-line anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors

Aims: To describe the real-world economic burden of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with post-crizotinib, second-line ALK inhibitor therapy.

Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis using data from US Optum: Clinformatics Data Mart administrative claims database. Adult patients with ALK + NSCLC treated with ceritinib or alectinib as second-line ALK inhibitors between 1 January 2011 and 30 September 2017 were included. Healthcare costs and resource utilization for up to 1 year of therapy were calculated on a per-patient-per-month (PPPM) basis and stratified by presence or absence of brain metastases (BM). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with costs. Top ten cost drivers of non-inpatient procedure costs were recorded.

Results: One hundred and twelve patients received second-line ALK inhibitors. Total mean PPPM healthcare costs were $23,984 for all patients receiving up ..... READ ARTICLE

Journal of Medical Economics DOI:10.1080/13696998.2020.1762620

Authors: Huamao M. Lin, Xiaoyun Pan, Peijie Hou, Hui Huang, Yanyu Wu, Kaili Ren & Mohammad Jahanzeb

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Prognostic value of TP53 concurrent mutations for EGFR- TKIs and ALK-TKIs based targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis

The prognostic significance of TP53 concurrent mutations in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or ALK-TKIs based targeted therapy remains controversial. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between TP53 concurrent mutations and prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that concurrent TP53 mutations was a negative prognostic factor and associated with poorer outcomes of patients with EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments in advanced NSCLC. In addition, our study provided evidence that TP53 mutations might be involved in primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatments in patients with sensitive EGFR mutations in advanced NSCLC. READ ARTICLE
BMC Cancer DOI:10.1186/s12885-020-06805-5

Authors: Kang Qin, Helei Hou, Yu Liang and Xiaochun Zhang

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"Prognostic value of TP53 concurrent mutations for EGFR- TKIs and ALK-TKIs based targeted therapy in advanced non- small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis "

Background: The prognostic significance of TP53 concurrent mutations in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or ALK-TKIs based targeted therapy remains controversial. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between TP53 concurrent mutations and prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing EGFR-TKIs or ALK-TKIs treatments.
Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the online databases PubMed, Embase, Medline, The Cochrane library and Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to clarify the correlation between TP53 mutation status and prognosis of patients. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.
Results: In total, 15 studies wit..... READ ARTICLE

BMC Cancer DOI:10.1186/s12885-020-06805-5

Authors: Kang Qin, Helei Hou, Yu Liang and Xiaochun Zhang*

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Efficacy and safety of ceritinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

What is known and objective: Ceritinib is a new, oral, potent and selective second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States in April 2014. It is active in crizotinib-re-sistant patients, especially in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects and side effects of ceritinib in ALK-rearranged NSCLC.Methods: We searched articles published from January 1980 to March 2019 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The pooled estimate and 95% CI were calculated with DerSimonian-Laird method and the random effect model.Results and discussion: From 15 articles, 2,598 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven studies reported the ORR, and the DCR was presented in 10 stud-ies. The ORR and DCR of ceritinib were 0.48 (95% CI, 0.39-0.57) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.82), respectively. The PFS and OS were presented in nine and ..... READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics DOI:10.1111/jcpt.13157

Authors: Wei Tian, Ping Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Xiao-Hui Deng, Rui Yue, Xiao-Zhu Ge

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"Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Rearrangement"

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a predictor of immune checkpoint
inhibitor (ICI) treatment e cacy. The clinical e cacy of ICIs for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
patients harboring major mutations, such as EGFR or ALK mutations, is limited. We genotyped
190 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab
monotherapy, and examined the e cacy in NSCLC patients with or without major mutations.
Among the patients enrolled in the genotyping study, 47 patients harbored EGFR mutations, 25 patients
had KRAS mutations, 5 patients had a HER2 mutation, 6 patients had a BRAF mutation, and 7 patients
had ALK rearrangement. The status of PD-L1 expression was evaluated in 151 patients, and the
rate of high PD-L1 expression ( 50%) was significantly higher in patients with ALK mutations.
The progression-free survival was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2–2.1) months for ALK-positive patients and 1.8 (95%
CI: 1.2–2.1) months for EGFR-positive patients. All patients..... READ ARTICLE

International Journal of Molecular Sciences DOI:10.3390/ijms21072623

Authors: Yuko Oya, Hiroaki Kuroda, Takeo Nakada, Yusuke Takahashi, Noriaki Sakakura, Toyoaki Hida

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of drug-induced lung injury by ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A single center retrospective analysis

A total of seven cases were diagnosed with drug induced lung injury (DILI) due to ALK-TKIs; no DILI-related deaths were observed. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings identified six patients with the organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern and one with the hypersensitivity pneumonia pattern. The onset of DILI was significantly different in patients age ≥ 64 years and with a creatinine clearance <80 mL/minute. Extra caution for DILI due to ALK-TKIs may be needed when recommending ALK-TKIs for patients over 64 years of age, or with decreased renal function. CT images of the majority of patients with DILI by ALK-TKIs show an OP pattern. READ ARTICLE

Thoracic Cancer DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.13416

Authors: Ken Koshikawa, Jiro Terada, Mitsuhiro Abe, Shunichiro Iwasawa, Masashi Sakayori, Keiichiro Yoshioka, Yasutaka Hirasawa, Hajime Kasai, Yohei Kawasaki, Kenji Tsushima, Koichiro Tatsumi

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of drug-induced lunginjury by ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A single centerretrospective analysis

If anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement in lungcancer is identified, ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) can be an effec-tive treatment. However, the details of drug-induced lung injury (DILI) causedby ALK-TKI, which can be a serious side effect of ALK-TKIs, remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and the onset risk factors ofDILI by ALK-TKIs in clinical practice.Methods:The clinical features of 56 consecutive patients who receivedcrizotinib, alectinib, and/or ceritinib at our hospital from 2012 to 2018 were ret-rospectively examined. Among these, patients diagnosed with DILI due to ALK-TKIs were evaluated in terms of clinical features and parameters. Each clinicalparameter before the administration of ALK-TKIs was compared between theDILI onset group and the non-onset group.Results:A total of seven cases were diagnosed with DILI due to ALK-TKIs; noDILI-related deaths were observed. Chest computed tomography (CT) scanfind-ings identified six patients with the organizing pneumonia (OP) pat..... READ ARTICLE

Thoracic Cancer DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.13416

Authors: Ken Koshikawa, Jiro Terada, Mitsuhiro Abe, Shunichiro Iwasawa, Masashi Sakayori, Keiichiro Yoshioka, Yasutaka Hirasawa, Hajime Kasai, Yohei Kawasaki, Kenji Tsushima, Koichiro Tatsumi

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Imaging Features and Metastatic Patterns of Advanced ALK-Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

"ALK rearrangements are an established targetable oncogenic driver in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this study was to determine the imaging features of the primary tumor and metastatic patterns in advanced ALK-rearranged (ALK+) NSCLC that may be different from those in EGFR-mutant (EGFR+) or EGFR/ALK wild-type (EGFR−/ALK−) NSCLC. CONCLUSION. Advanced ALK+ NSCLC has primary tumor imaging features and patterns of metastasis that are different from those of EGFR+ or EGFR−/ALK− wild type NSCLC at the time of initial presentation. READ ARTICLE

American Journal of Roentgenology DOI:10.2214/AJR.19.21982

Authors: Dexter P. Mendoza, Jessica J. Lin, Marguerite M. Rooney, Tianqi Chen, Lecia V. Sequist, Alice T. Shaw, Subba R. Digumarthy"

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HSR20-084: Real-World Adherence and Persistence of ALK Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Background: About 5% of NSCLC cases present with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions and are candidates for an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALKi). Evidence on real-world adherence and persistence of ALKi is limited. Objectives: Estimate adherence and persistence of in NSCLC. Results: This study analyzed 1482 patients whose first ALKi was alectinib or crizotinib (n=445 and 1037, respectively) and 880 patients with subsequent ALKis (604 alectinib, 142 brigatinib, 134 ceritinib). Adherence during treatment period (95-97%) and proportions of MPR ³0.8 (92-95%) were similar across all ALKis. Real-world median time to discontinuation was 27.4 vs 8.9 months for alectinib vs crizotinib in the first ALKi cohort. Patients using alectinib as first ALKi were 46% less likely to discontinue ALKi than crizotinib patients (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI]: 0.54 [0.44-0.65]). For subsequent ALKi use, the risk of discontinuation for alectinib was 64% lower vs ceritinib (aHR [95% CI]: 0.36 [0.2..... READ ARTICLE

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network DOI:10.6004/jnccn.2019.7501

Authors: Ganti, A. K., Ogale, S., Yang, E., & Wong, W.

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