Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which becomes oncogenic and drives tumor growth in multiple tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We discuss the pathophysiology of ALK in NSCLC, which is driven predominantly by ALK gene rearrangements. We review the various methods of molecular testing for ALK gene rearrangements in NSCLC, and their limitations.
Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the ALK pathway have been rapidly developed in the past 10 years. These drugs are well tolerated and offer prolonged disease control. We highlight the most up-to-date clinical data for each of the agents currently available which target the ALK pathway, and discuss adverse events associated with each agent. We discuss mechanisms of resistance to the ALK-targeted TKIs, and options for treatment at disease progression. READ ARTICLE

Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine (Second Edition) DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.11701-5

Authors: Maria Coakley, Sanjay Popat

Troubles du système nerveux central sous lorlatinib : comment les détecter et les gérer en pratique? Central nervous system disorders on lorlatinib: How to detect and manage in practice?

The therapeutic arsenal for advanced ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer has been enriched by specific treatments targeting this molecular abnormality, with five molecules available, including lorlatinib, approved since July 2020. This treatment can have side effects common to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as other less common disorders affecting the central nervous system such as impaired cognitive function, speech or mood. The prevalence of neuro-psychiatric effects under treatment with lorlatinib reported in studies is nearly 40 % with a mild to moderate intensity in most cases. Given the potential impact on patients’ quality of life and even on compliance with treatment, it is essential to include their detection during consultations. The main problem is still to have simple screening tools adapted to clinical practice. A multidisciplinary expert panel (pulmonologist, medical oncologist, psychiatrist, neurologist, pharmacist, nurse) therefore met to propose, based on data from the literature and their clinical experience, elements of management in order to detect these cognitive disorders at an early stage and optimize treatment tolerance. The subjects discussed concern screening and assessment tools, the management of side effects, and their prevention. The use of the practical elements proposed by the group could help optimize the identification and management of central nervous system disorders occurring on lorlatinib. READ ARTICLE

Bulletin du Cancer DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.01.011

Authors: Vincent Fallet, Pascal Rouby, Guido Ahle, Jennifer Arrondeau, Charles Naltet, Adeline Duflot-Boukobza, Françoise De Crozals, Hervé Lena, Alexis Cortot

Deciphering the Mechanism of Gilteritinib Overcoming Lorlatinib Resistance to the Double Mutant I1171N/F1174I in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is validated as a therapeutic molecular target in multiple malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the feasibility of targeted therapies exerted by ALK inhibitors is inevitably hindered owing to drug resistance. The emergence of clinically acquired drug mutations has become a major challenge to targeted therapies and personalized medicines. Thus, elucidating the mechanism of resistance to ALK inhibitors is helpful for providing new therapeutic strategies for the design of next-generation drug. Here, we used molecular docking and multiple molecular dynamics simulations combined with correlated and energetical analyses to explore the mechanism of how gilteritinib overcomes lorlatinib resistance to the double mutant ALK I1171N/F1174I. We found that the conformational dynamics of the ALK kinase domain was reduced by the double mutations I1171N/F1174I. Moreover, energetical and structural analyses implied that the double mutations ..... READ ARTICLE

Frontiers of Cell and Developmental Biology DOI:10.3389/fcell.2021.808864

Authors: Liang Shuai, Wang Qing, Qi Xuesen, Liu Yudi, Li Guozhen, Lu Shaoyong, Mou Linkai, Chen Xiangyu

Pre-Clinical, group1Kirk SmithDecember 23, 2021Gilteritinib, Lorlatinib, Resistance, ALK

1196P Pre-existing and acquired mechanisms of resistance to lorlatinib in previously treated patients (pts) with ALK+ advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Lorlatinib, a potent, brain-penetrant, 3rd-generation (gen) ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) active against most known resistance mutations, showed robust clinical activity in ALK+ or ROS1+ NSCLC in a Ph 1/2 study that enrolled mostly heavily pretreated pts with CNS metastases. We evaluated potential resistance mechanisms, pre-existing or acquired, and efficacy in these settings.Limitations apply to ctDNA analyses, but in this heavily pretreated group of pts with ALK+ NSCLC, presence of TP53 mutations at BL was potentially associated with decreased lorlatinib efficacy, while presence of bypass mechanism aberrations with reduced activity. Upon progression, ALK compound mutations and bypass mechanism aberrations emerged in ∼28% of pts. READ ARTICLE

Annals of Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1801

Authors: B.J. Solomon, J-F. Martini, A. Bearz, E.H. Tan, R. Soo, B. Besse, T.M. Bauer, D. Shepard, F. Toffalorio, A. Abbattista, E. Felip, A.T. Shaw, S. Viteri, D.R. Camidge, T. Seto, S-H.I. Ou

Conference PaperKirk SmithSeptember 1, 2021Lorlatinib, CROWN trial, crizotinib, CNS, AE

1199P Dose modification for the management of CNS adverse events in the phase III CROWN study of lorlatinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

In the ongoing phase III CROWN study (NCT03052608), lorlatinib, a 3rd-generation inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), improved progression-free survival (PFS) and intracranial response rates vs crizotinib in patients with previously untreated ALK-positive NSCLC. Here we present data on lorlatinib dose modification for the management of CNS adverse events (AEs). CNS AEs spontaneously resolved in 53% of cases, and lorlatinib dose modification was effective in managing CNS AEs without compromising efficacy. READ ARTICLE

Annals of Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1804

Authors: B.J. Solomon, T.S.K. Mok, H. Hayashi, A. Bearz, K.D. Penkov, Y-L. Wu, O. Arrieta, A.M. Calella, G. Peltz, A. Polli, H. Thurm, T.M. Bauer

Conference PaperKirk SmithSeptember 1, 2021Lorlatinib, CROWN trial, crizotinib, CNS, AE

1197P First-line lorlatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: Asian subgroup analysis of CROWN

Lorlatinib, a 3rd-generation ALK inhibitor, significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) vs crizotinib in the CROWN trial in patients with untreated ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report data from the Asian subgroup of CROWN. In the Asian subgroup, a consistent and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS was observed for lorlatinib vs crizotinib. The efficacy and safety of lorlatinib vs crizotinib in the Asian subgroup of CROWN was consistent with the overall population. READ ARTICLE

Annals of Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1802

Authors: Q. Zhou, H.R. Kim, R. Soo, G-C. Chang, C-H. Chiu, H. Hayashi, S-W. Kim
S. Teraoka, Y. Goto, J. Zhou, V.H.F. Lee, B. Han, J.C.M. Ho, D-W. Kim
C-C. Lin, S. Lu, A. Polli, A.M. Calella, T.S.K. Mok, Y-L. Wu

Conference PaperKirk SmithSeptember 1, 2021Lorlatinib, CROWN trial, crizotinib

Efficacy of lorlatinib in lung carcinomas carrying distinct ALK translocation variants: The results of a single-center study

Background: Lorlatinib is a novel potent ALK inhibitor, with only a few studies reporting the results of its clinical use. Methods: This study describes the outcomes of lorlatinib treatment for 35 non-small cell lung cancer patients with ALK rearrangements, who had 2 ( n = 5), 1 ( n = 26) or none ( n = 4) prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors and received lorlatinib mainly within the compassionate use program. Results: Objective tumor response (OR) and disease control (DC) were registered in 15/35 (43%) and 33/35 (94%) patients, respectively; brain metastases were particularly responsive to the treatment (OR: 22/27 (81%); DC: 27/27 (100%)). Median progression free survival (PFS) was estimated to be 21.8 months, and median overall survival (OS) approached to 70.1 months. Only 4 out of 35 patients experienced no adverse effects; two of them were the only subjects who had no clinical benefit from lorlatinib. PFS and OS in the no-adverse-events lorlatinib users were strikingly lower as compared..... READ ARTICLE

Translational Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101121

Authors: Sergey V. Orlov, Aglaya G. Iyevleva, Elena A. Filippova, Alexandra M. Lozhkina, Svetlana V. Odintsova, Tatiana N. Sokolova, Natalia V. Mitiushkina, Vladislav I. Tiurin, Elena V. Preobrazhenskaya, Alexandr A. Romanko, Alexandr S. Martianov, Alexandr O. Ivantsov, Svetlana N. Aleksakhina, Alexandr V. Togo, Evgeny N. Imyanitov.

Abstract LB043: Efficacy of Lorlatinib in Treatment-Naïve Patients (pts) With ALK-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Relation to EML4-ALK Variant Type and ALK Mutations

Conference PaperKirk SmithJuly 1, 2021Lorlatinib, Treatment-Naïve Patients, ALK +, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), EML4-ALK Variants, https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/81/13_Supplement/LB043.short

Comparison of lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib in ALK inhibitor–naive/untreated ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Because of lacking of head-to-head comparison among lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib for patients with ALK inhibitor–naive or untreated (ALK inhibitor-naive and chemotherapy-naive) ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal option for these patients still remains undefined. We searched published reports that described the activity and safety of those novel ALK inhibitors (lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib) for ALK inhibitor–naive or untreated (ALK inhibitor-naive and chemotherapy-naive) ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Five randomized controlled trials were identified, covering 1111 subjects. In the network meta-analysis, lorlatinib seemed to prolong progression free survival than brigatinib (Hazard Ratio: 0.57, P = 0.03) and alectinib (Hazard ratio: 0.65, P = 0.05) for previously untreated patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC as assessed by the independent review committee. Meanwhile, lorlatinib significantly improved significant progression free sur..... READ ARTICLE

Journal of Chemotherapy DOI:10.1080/1120009X.2021.1937782

Authors: Lida Wang, Zhixin Sheng, Junying Zhang, Jiwu Song, Lili Teng, Liping Liu, Qianpeng Li, Baohong Wang, Bin Li

Review Paper, group5Kirk SmithJune 17, 2021Lorlatinib, alectinib, brigatinib, crizotinib, advanced NSCLC, meta-analysis

Lorlatinib Should Not be Considered as the Preferred First-Line Option in Patients With Advanced ALK Rearranged NSCLC

In theory, you might think there should be no debate over whether lorlatinib should be the preferred first-line ALK inhibitor. If the CROWN study data are viewed in isolation, lorlatinib seems to have the best-in-class differential progression-free survival (PFS) benefit over crizotinib (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–0.41). 1 In contrast, other next-generation ALK inhibitors alectinib, brigatinib, and ensartinib with comparable head-to-head trials versus crizotinib generated PFS HRs ranging from 0.51 to 0.37. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 Whereas, admittedly, for the lowest of these estimates (from the J-ALEX study [alectinib versus crizotinib in a Japanese population]), the CIs of the PFS HR (0.37, 95% CI: 0.26–0.52) overlap with those of the CROWN study, there is a clear delineation between the upper limit of CROWNs HR CIs and the lower limit of the HR CIs for the other studies. Yet, here we are in a pro and con debate, because, frankly, there is something abou..... READ ARTICLE

Journal of Thoracic Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.12.022

Authors: David Ross Camidge

EditorialKirk SmithMarch 27, 2021Lorlatinib, First-Line, ALK-Rearranged NSCLC

The efficacy of lorlatinib in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with a novel ALK G1202L mutation: a case report

Report reveals the efficacy of lorlatinib in targeting ALK G1202L and can serve as an option for the clinical management of patients with ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma after acquiring G1202L-mediated resistance from prior ALK inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, it demonstrates the sequential use of crizotinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib in a patient with advanced ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with an overall progression-free survival of 33.3 months for the sequential ALK inhibitor regimens. His overall survival was 41.5 months inclusive of all regimens. READ ARTICLE

Cancer Biology & Therapy DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1836947

Authors: Zhaoting Meng, Ting Li, Pei Wang, Analyn Lizaso, Dingzhi Huang

Case StudyKirk SmithDecember 30, 2020TKI Resistance, Lorlatinib, ALK-rearranged NSCLC, ALK G1202L, sequential, ALK inhibitor

Treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung adenocarcinoma with pemetrexed and carboplatin after crizotinib failure and significant liver dysfunction; a case report

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the first-line treatment for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-positive lung adenocarcinomas. However, chemotherapy is still an option in patients who are unresponsive or intolerant of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. There is a high likelihood of brain metastasis in patient with lung adenocarcinomas with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase rearrangement. Surveillance brain imaging may have a role in clinical follow up. Brigatinib and lorlatinib are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors with excellent intracranial penetrance. READ ARTICLE

Cancer Treatment and Research Communications DOI:10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100291

Authors: Oranus Mohammadi, Kayla Haines, Mohammad Jahanzeb,

First-Line Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in Advanced ALK-Positive Lung Cancer

The efficacy of lorlatinib, as compared with that of crizotinib, as first-line treatment for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC is unclear.
We conducted a global, randomized, phase 3 trial comparing lorlatinib with crizotinib in 296 patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC who had received no previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease.
In an interim analysis of results among patients with previously untreated advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, those who received lorlatinib had significantly longer progression-free survival and a higher frequency of intracranial response than those who received crizotinib. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was higher with lorlatinib than with crizotinib because of the frequent occurrence of altered lipid levels. READ ARTICLE

The New England Journal of Medicine
DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2027187

Authors: Alice T. Shaw, Todd M. Bauer, Filippo de Marinis, Enriqueta Felip, Yasushi Goto, Geoffrey Liu, Julien Mazieres, Dong-Wan Kim, Tony Mok, Anna Polli, Holger Thurm, Anna M. Calella, Gerson Peltz, Benjamin J. Solomon

Clinical TrialsKirk SmithNovember 19, 2020ALK, Lorlatinib, Crizotinib, First-line, Phase 3

GLASS: Global Lorlatinib for ALK(+) and ROS1(+) retrospective Study: real world data of 123 NSCLC patients

Lorlatinib is a third-generation tyrosine-kinases inhibitor (TKI) targeting ALK/ROS1 fusions. The FDA has approved lorlatinib for TKI-pretreated ALK(+) NSCLC, while its approval for ROS1(+) is still pending. Here we present the largest real-world data of NSCLC patients harboring ALK/ROS1 rearrangements treated with lorlatinib... Conclusion: Lorlatinib shows outstanding EC/IC efficacy in ALK/ROS1(+) NSCLC. The observed mOS of 89 ± 19 months in ALK(+) NSCLC supports previous reports, while mOS from of 90 ± 24 months is unprecedented for ROS1(+) NSCLC. READ ARTICLE

Lung Cancer DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.022

Authors: Nir Peled, Roni Gillis, Saadettin Kilickap, Patrizia Froesch, Sergei Orlov, Elena Filippova, Umut Demirci, Petros Christopoulos, Irfan Cicin, Fatma Bugdayci Basal, Cengiz Yilmaz, Moiseenko Fedor, Taner Korkmaz, Semra Paydas, Oliver Gautschi, Alisan Zirtiloglu, Yesim Eralp, Havva Yesil Cinkir,… Laila C. Roisman

Real-World OutcomesKirk SmithOctober 1, 2020Lorlatinib, Real-world data, ALK, ROS1

A case of one lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring a novel FAM179A-ALK (F1, A19) rearrangement responding to lorlatinib treatment

The FAM179A gene has recently been screened as a new fusion partner fusing to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the response of patients with NSCLC harboring the FAM179A–ALK fusion to ALK inhibitors remains unknown. In this study we report a novel FAM179A–ALK rearrangement variant (F1, A19) identified by next-generation sequencing in an NSCLC patient with multiple brain metastases (M1c). This patient responded sensitively to lorlatinib as evaluated by brain MRI and chest CT, followed up using plasma cfDNA. The conclusion is that we found a novel FAM179A–ALK rearrangement variant (F1, A19) and provided evidence of its sensitivity to ALK inhibitors. READ ARTICLE

Lung Cancer DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.026

Authors: Jing Yan, Xijian Zhou, Dejian Pan

Case StudyKirk SmithSeptember 1, 2020ALK, NSCLC, Lorlatinib, Brain metastases

Lorlatinib for advanced ALK and ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Efficacy and treatment sequences in the IFCT-1803 LORLATU expanded access program (EAP) cohort

Background: Lorlatinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK and ROS1, has been made available in France starting October 2015 through an EAP for advanced, refractory, ALK+ NSCLC after the failure of chemotherapy and TKIs. Besides the landmark, multi-cohort phase II trial that assessed lorlatinib in ALK+ NSCLC, real-life evidence regarding the efficacy and safety, as well as treatment sequences including lorlatinib, is lacking. Methods: We report the cohort of consecutive patients with advanced, refractory, ALK or ROS1+ NSCLC enrolled in the French EAP of lorlatinib from October 2015 to October 2019. Data were collected from medical records by French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT) research study assistants on site. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival... Conclusions: These real-life results confirmed lorlatinib as a major treatment option for patients with advanced refractory ALK or ROS1+ NSCLC. READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9615

Authors: Simon Baldacci, Virginie Avrillon, Benjamin Besse, Bertrand Mennecier, Michael Duruisseaux, Julien Mazieres, Renaud Descourt, Helene Doubre, Pascale Dubray-Longeras, Jacques Cadranel, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Charles Ricordel, Sigolène Galland-Girodet, Isabelle Monnet, Josiane Otto, Sophie Schneider, Pascale Missy, Franck Morin, Virginie Westeel, Nicolas Girard

A phase II study of lorlatinib in patients (pts) with ALK-positive (ALK+) lung cancer with brain-only progression

Background: Lorlatinib is a 3rd-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) developed to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and overcome resistance to 2nd-generation (2nd-gen) ALK TKIs. In a phase II study, lorlatinib demonstrated significant intracranial (IC) activity after failure of 2nd-gen TKIs. As treatment discontinuation for extracranial (EC) progression can confound assessment of durability of IC response, we performed a phase II study (NCT02927340) to selectively evaluate lorlatinib activity in ALK+ pts with CNS-only disease... Conclusions: Lorlatinib induces durable intracranial responses in pts with CNS-only progression on 2nd-gen ALK TKIs, suggesting that CNS-specific relapses are primarily driven by ALK-dependent mechanisms. Further studies are needed to characterize the molecular basis of sensitivity to lorlatinib in this unique subgroup of pts with ALK+ lung cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT02927340 READ ARTICLE

Journal of Clinical Oncology DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9595

Authors: Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Jessica Fink, Gianluca Diubaldi, Caitlyn Helms, Justin F. Gainor, Michael S. Rabin, Rebecca Suk Heist, Jessica Jiyeong Lin, Jennifer Ackil, Alona Muzikansky, Alice Tsang Shaw

Clinical TrialsKirk SmithMay 25, 2020Lorlatinib, ALK-positive (ALK+), lung cancer, brain, progression

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEY POINTS:
Non–small cell lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) chromosomal rearrangement is
sensitive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Numerous TKIs have been developed in recent years, including alectinib, which is the current
preferred first-line agent for treatment-naı¨ve patients.
The development of resistance has led to next-generation ALK inhibitors that better penetrate the
central nervous system, which has improved the treatment of brain metastasis. READ ARTICLE

Thoracic Surgery Clinics DOI:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2019.12.001

Authors: Anthony V. Serritella, Christine M. Bestvina

Brain Penetration of Lorlatinib: Cumulative Incidences of CNS and Non-CNS Progression with Lorlatinib in Patients with Previously Treated ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Lorlatinib is a potent, brain-penetrant, third-generation ALK/ROS1 TKI. We performed an analysis of CNS and non-CNS progression in patients with pretreated ALK+ NSCLC. Our results indicate that lorlatinib is active in the treatment and prevention of CNS metastases in patients with ALK+ NSCLC, including those who had progressed on crizotinib or second-generation TKIs. READ ARTICLE

Targeted Oncology Volume DOI:10.1007/s11523-020-00702-4

Authors: Bauer, T.M., Shaw, A.T., Johnson, M.L. et al.

Clinical TrialsKirk SmithFebruary 14, 2020Lorlatinib, ALK, TKI, progression, CNS metastases

Diverse Resistance Mechanisms to the Third-Generation ALK Inhibitor Lorlatinib in ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer

Lorlatinib is a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor with proven efficacy in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer previously treated with first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. Beside compound mutations in the ALK kinase domain, other resistance mechanisms driving lorlatinib resistance remain unknown. We aimed to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to lorlatinib occurring in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer and design new therapeutic strategies in this setting. Resistance mechanisms were investigated in 5 patients resistant to lorlatinib. Longitudinal tumor biopsies were studied using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Patient-derived models were developed to characterize the acquired resistance mechanisms, and Ba/F3 cell mutants were generated to study the effect of novel ALK compound mutations. Drug combinatory strategies were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to overcome lorlatinib resistance. This study shows that..... READ ARTICLE

Clinical Cancer Research DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1104

Authors: Recondo G, Mezquita L, Facchinetti F, Planchard D, Gazzah A, Bigot L, Rizvi AZ, Frias RL, Thiery JP, Scoazec JY, Sourisseau T, Howarth K, Deas O, Samofalova D, Galissant J, Tesson P, Braye F, Naltet C, Lavaud P, Mahjoubi L, Abou Lovergne A, Vassal G, Bahleda R, Hollebecque A, Nicotra C, Ngo-Camus M, Michiels S, Lacroix L, Richon C, Auger N, De Baere T, Tselikas L, Solary E, Angevin E, Eggermont AM, Andre F, Massard C, Olaussen KA, Soria JC, Besse B, Friboulet L.

Pre-ClinicalKirk SmithJanuary 1, 2020Lorlatinib, resistance mechanisms